AI that stays on track for days: ML-Master 2.0

Kari Jaaskelainen

16 Jan 2026 — 1 min read

AI is great at quick tasks—but stumbles on week-long projects. This paper tackles that ultra-long-horizon gap.

Meet ML-Master 2.0, an autonomous agent for machine learning engineering that stays strategically coherent over days. Its core idea, Hierarchical Cognitive Caching (HCC), treats memory like a multi-level cache and a lab notebook: it condenses messy run-by-run traces into stable know-how and cross-task wisdom, so the agent can execute now while planning for later.

Short term: keep only what’s needed to act.
Mid term: distill repeats into playbooks.
Long term: carry lessons across tasks.

On OpenAI’s MLE-Bench with 24-hour budgets, ML-Master 2.0 sets a new state of the art: a 56.44% medal rate. That’s a concrete step toward agents that can run experiments, learn from sparse feedback, and improve over many cycles—without drowning in context.

Paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.10402v1

Paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.10402v1

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AI AutonomousAgents MachineLearning AgenticScience LongHorizon Memory HCC Research arXiv MLEBench MLMaster2

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